Biodiversity impact assessment requires expert inputs in the design and other aspects of. There is a need for ongoing study of the social and economic impacts of land. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the afforestation programme through climatic studies statistics and field measurements, soil and land use studies field studies and mapping and interviews with people in two small areas on santiago island, cape verde. While you can see the process of afforestation as a positive one, offering a lot of benefits to both the environment and society, it is also accompanied by the fact that it can also bring about some drawbacks. This issue explores management approaches that balance social. Negative impacts of afforestation and economic forestry on.
We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Impact of laws and regulations on the use of nonwood forest products and the wellbeing of forest dependent communities in central africa juliane masuch, ousseynou ndoye, julius tieguhong, william mala and armand ze 77. Assessing the likelihood of widespread landholder adoption of. As afforestation expands and more trees begin growing in areas with inadequate. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change. Afforestation is highly important to maintain the biodiversity.
Afforestation is the primary factor increasing forest cover in china. Social development department hydropower dams and social impacts. If the trees are all cut down and all that is left is barren land no would want to visit that place. Request pdf negative impacts of afforestation and economic forestry on the chinese loess plateau and proposed solutions severe loss of soil and water on the chinese loess plateau clp has. Effects of afforestation on soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage.
Darkgreen colorin tkeeasternpartoftkecountryrepresentsplantation forest. The social impacts of forestry were investigated in five case study areas. Social and biodiversity impact assessment sbia manual. The objective project climate resilient participatory afforestation and reforestation project is to improve the resilience of selected communities in the coastal and hilly areas of bangladesh. Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation on. Nakayama tokyo university of agriculture and technology, japan keywords. The effect of afforestation on soil moisture content in. India is an emerging or developing country whereas the controlling of carbon emission is very much challenging for the policy makers. Check on soil erosion and denudation in catchments areas of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Biodiversity, catchments, environmental impacts, involuntary resettlement, social impacts, sustainability contents 1.
Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by artificial efforts by planting or direct seeding. Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity, soil properties. Contrasting impacts of afforestation on nitrous oxide and. The impact of afforestation can not be assessed only in hydro logical terms. One of the most common solutions suggested to this conflict is a shift from largescale afforestation by companies and government agencies to smallscale afforestation by individual landholders.
Cernea is senior adviser for social policy and sociology, the world bank, environment department. Negative impacts of afforestation and economic forestry on the. Social impacts of land use change to plantation forestry citeseerx. Leitrim, but instead to understand the range of opinions held by people regarding forestry in the county. A net soc and tn gain has been generally observed following afforestation of socdepleted systems, such as croplands, at global, and at regional scales in temperate zones chen et al. Characterising the biophysical, economic and social impacts. This would be achieved by i increasing the size of afforested and reforested areas. Socioeconomic impacts of the billion trees afforestation. As an example, one fth of the danish municipalities plan to afforest. Cumulative areas of afforestation in china from 1949 to 2003 were 241 million ha, of which 90 million ha eventually established as plantation forests, i.
Potential impacts of afforestation on climate change and. Afforestation activities in the kubuqi desert, inner mongolia, china, have substantially increased tree and shrub coverage in this region. A small number of studies have identified social, economic, and institutional factors that may limit the success of afforestation projects, focusing on the potential social, economic and environmental impacts of afforestation, transaction costs, land tenure issues, and competition for use of land nilsson and schopfhauser, 1995, cannell, 2003. Japan has a cool temperate climate to the north and tropical climate to the south. Afforestation is regarded as an effective mechanism, in addition to a reduction in anthropogenic emissions, for global warming amelioration see articles 3. This issue explores management approaches that balance social, economic and environmental objectives, allowing. The social impacts of forestry were addressed using qualitative research methods.
Biodiversity impact assessment requires expert inputs in the design and other aspects of monitoring as described in ection 5, and local. Download citation on jun 1, 2006, kristina monroe bishop and others published social impacts of afforestation in south africa. One potentially huge drawback of afforestation is the simple fact that it comes with real opportunity cost, where the transformed lands can no longer be used residential developments and agriculture that are highly beneficial to the society through more supply of food and housing for those who need them. Japan and its impact on southeast asia deforestation. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by. Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities11. While the secondary data source involved the search into published and unpublished materials relevant to. Areas in the northearten cape have experienced rapid afforestation since 1990. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture sometimes special tools, such as a tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Due to extensive afforestation and vegetation cover growth, there has been an increase in most trends of forestshrub ecosystems, resulting in substantially enhanced evapotranspiration effects. Social impacts of afforestation in south africa researchgate. Reforestation is a very important procedure in order to save our planet. Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity, soil properties, and soil organic carbon storage in a semiarid grassland of northwestern china. Longterm impacts of partial afforestation on water and salt.
Japan deforestation and afforestation program can be classified as pre wwii, during the war and after the war. Fundamental orientation theory was used to assess the social impacts of the btap, while costbenefit analysis was applied to examine its economic impact. This discipline deals with the use and management of water, social awareness of environmental problems, and ecosystem limitations on provision of watershed services by river basins in the mountain regions of india. Should the role of afforestation in climate change. This offers a framework and reference point for holistic assessment of the impacts of scs.
Esmf environmental and social management framework eso enhancement strategic options eu european union ewca ethiopian wildlife conservation authority facc federal anticorruption commission. If an afforestation or reforestation project is perceived as being an impediment to local livelihoods, it may create an incentive for illegal harvesting or clearing, also threatening the permanence of carbon sequestration. Impact of largescale afforestation on surface temperature. Afforestation and reforestation areas should be included in ongoing or planned national monitoring schemes to evaluate their economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts and respective carbon balances. Commercial afforestation of agricultural land is often associated with social conflict over the perceived environmental, economic and social impacts of the plantations being established. Using an integrated surfacesubsurface hydrological model, this study evaluates the water and salt dynamics and soil. Managing environmental and social impacts of hydropower in bhutan. The biophysical complexity of scs is thus compounded by implementing these measures, along with the potential externalised impacts of im. While afforestation can restore previously forested areas and help to remove carbon dioxide, it can have detrimental effects on species diversity and agriculture profits. The main reason we fly overseas is to look at the beautiful sceneries and to be part of the nature. At one level the impacts that have been felt in jobs, public services and so on tend indirectly tocolour the way in whic individuals sense the impacts on the communities in which they live and work. Soil moisture in control plots smc c,01m has a wide range from 2.
This study presents an argument that afforestation may have bigger impacts than originally thought by previous studies. Deforestation is has a result of the interaction of environmental, social, cultural and political forces in a given region. Causes, effects and control strategies sumit chakravarty 1, s. Damage caused to the environment by reforestation policies in. Hills and mountains cover 70% and 23 of the country is forested. The social benefits arising from the establishment of forest plantations becan1e increasingly. Because the effects of this process on tree survival can take considerable time to become apparent, many smallscale or shortterm assessments of afforestation have provided only positive results both in china and elsewhere in the world liu 2000. Biodiversity impact assessment toolboxp complements part 1. Afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. Afforestation and reforestation encyclopedia of life. This is needed as huge forests are being destroyed or damaged due to various reasons on a daily basis. They are circulated to encourage thought and discussion.
A significant component of any assessment is to look at how immigration has affected social relationships within society. Social impacts of afforestation in south africa wiley online library. The term afforestation is most often used in conjunction with discussions of carbon sequestration, which is the process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Study on the biogeochemical effects of afforestation, finds no enhanced n losses. Results showed that there was significant difference p impeded afforestation and. State key lab of urban and regional ecology, research center for eco. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change mitigation. The three main causes of deforestation in the world are. Global change will impact carbon mitigation in the forest sector but the magnitude and direction of this impact cannot be predicted with confidence as yet. You can read in these pages about efforts of african nations to sustainably manage their forests. Removal of the green cover from the surface of the earth has become common due to various reasons such as forest fires, agricultural needs, human needs, logging, and mining. May, 2010 it is well known that afforestation can have many positive impacts on degraded land, including conservation of soil on degraded land by reducing soil erosion, as well as increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure, sequestering carbon, increasing nutrient cycling, providing wildlife habitat, improving the landscape and biodiversity.
Afforestation induced change in smc 01m across the study area. Paneuropean guidelines for afforestation and reforestation. Jan 14, 2017 list of disadvantages of afforestation. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of chinas policies. The study investigates the impacts of afforestation on future climate and extreme events in nigeria, using a regional climate model regcm3, forced with global climate model. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover. Population growth is a major hindrance to attainment of sustainable development. In this study, the response of the surface temperature to afforestation is simulated with the weather research and forecasting model. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism 325 3 social and environmental impact under a laissez faire approach i argue in this section that fast growing industrial plantations are likely to dominate under a laissez faire approach and that their environmental and social implications are likely to be highly variable. However, the impact of this type of land use change on the budgets of other greenhouse gases such as. The results show that the overall social impacts of the btap are satisfactory and beneficial, increasing social sustainability by 69% between 2014 and 2018. Causes and impacts of land degradation and desertification.
Harvesting consumed billon m3 in timber volume from 1949 to 2003. Soil salinization is a major environmental issue in arid and semiarid regions, and has been accelerated in some areas by removal of native vegetation cover. Afforestation planting trees to mitigate climate change could cause warming rather than cooling globally due to noncarbon effects of land use change, according to new research from the. Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity, soil properties, and soil organic carbon storage in a semiarid grassland of northwestern china author links open overlay panel longfei chen a b zhibin he a xi zhu a b jun du a b junjun yang a b jing li a b. Damage caused to the environment by reforestation policies. Sep 27, 2012 afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region.
Pdf affornord effects of afforestation on ecosystems. Partial afforestation can be a practical mitigation strategy if efficiently integrated with farms and pastures. Relevant traditional knowledge should be taken into account when preparing and. Afforestation refers to the process of converting a nonforest land into a forest. Social and biodiversity impact assessment sbia manual for. The aim was not to achieve a demographically balanced and representative sample of the opinions of the population of co. Many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture and carbon sequestration, and help to anthropogenically improve biodiversity. Ecological risks arising from the impact of largescale. Our experience with plantation forestry as it has developed this century offers us an excellent platform for rising to these.
Fig 2a shows the boxplot of soil moisture content of top 1m smc 01m in control and afforested plots. If the purpose of afforestation is ecotourism, it may be subject to potential problems that come with ecotourism, such as littering and harm to wildlife. Papers in this series are not formal publications of the world bank. Advantages and disadvantages of afforestation sciencing. Socioeconomic impacts of the billion trees afforestation program in.
Socioeconomic impacts of the billion trees afforestation program in khyber pakhtunkhwa province kpk, pakistan. Economic and social significance of forests economic and. The surface temperature changes are decomposed into contributions from the intrinsic surface biophysical effect and. Experts have also found evidence of negative impact of artificial tree planting and afforestation on ecological sustainability, sometimes also causing local communities very high social costs. Economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts of planned afforestation and reforestation programmes should be assessed, as appropriate, in accordance with environmental impact assessment procedures and in consultation with local communities and stakeholders.
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